Ms. A.b, 29 years old, female, married, G2P2, Filipino, Roman Catholic, resident of Cebu City, admitted for the 2nd time in Hospital X for abdominal enlargement.
History:
Six months prior to admission:
-non-bloody, watery stools (1-2 episodes/day; 50 cc/episode)
-no consult done
-no medications taken
Five months prior to admission:
-Persistence of symptoms
-Abdominal pain (prickling, intermittent without precipitating cause)
-Gradual increase in abdominal girth
-Easy fatigability
-2-pillow orthopnea
-Consult was done and nizatidine was given with other unrecalled medications
Four months prior to admission:
-increasing severity of easy fatigability
-enlarge abdomen
-consult was done at the ER and was subsequently admitted
-Laboratory done: anemia and hypoalbuminemia
-Abdominal and pelvic U/S and Barium enema – negative findings
-Spironolactone, furosemide, and essentiale were given and transfusion of 2 units of packed red blood cells
-Relief of symptoms
-Patient lost to follow-up
Three weeks prior to admission:
-abdominal discomfort
-abdominal enlargement
-anorexia
-Rapid weight loss (about 25%)
One week prior to admission:
-persistence of above symptoms
-increasing abdominal girth
-progressive episodes of dyspnea
-episodes of diarrhea (soft stools amounting ½ cup/ episode; 2-3 times daily)
-tea colored urine
-no consult done
-no medications taken
Few hours prior to admission:
-Severe progressive dyspnea
-Consult at ER
Past Medical History
(-) Hypertension, DM, asthma, allergies and TB
Admitted for childbirth and 4 months PTA for same problems
Family History
(+) Hypertension – both parents; (-) DM, asthma, malignancies
Personal/Social History
Non-smoker, non-alcoholic beverage drinker
OB-GYN History
G2P2 (2002)
G1 – 1990, unremarkable
G2 – March 2003, unremarkable
No menses for the past 5 months.
Previously on oral contraceptive pills then shifted to injectable contraceptive.
Physical Examination
Conscious, coherent, stretcher-borne
BP: 100/60 mmHg HR: 89 bpm RR: 22cpm T: 37C
HEENT: Pale palpebral conjunctivae, anicteric sclerae
Neck: Supple, (-) neck vein engorgement, (-) cervical lymphadenopathy
C/L: Symmetrical chest expansion, no retractions, clear breath sounds
CVS: Adynamic precordium, AB 5th LICS, MCL, regular rate, normal rhythm, no murmur
Abdomen: Globular, NABS, soft, non-tender, (+) palpable mass at the LUQ, firm, fixed extending to the R paraumbilical area
Extremity: (+) grade 2 bipedal edema
Course in the ward…
First hospital day:
-Spironolactone, aminoleban, ceftriaxone and vit. K were initially given.
-Initial lab: anemia and leukocytosis with hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia
-Blood transfusion with 2 units of packed red blood cells.
-Fecalysis – no parasites/ova seen
-Chest x-ray – normal.
Second hospital day:
-paracentesis of ascetic fluid – leukocytosis with predominance of segementers
-Repeat abdominal U/S – diffuse chronic liver parenchymal disease with normal sized spleen and massive ascites. Gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys and urinary bladder were normal.
Third hospital stay:
-Increased abdominal girth accompanied by dyspnea
-Decrease in breath sounds over the Right lung field
-Furoseminde was started
-Repeat CXR – pleural effusion over the Right lung field
-Repeat paracentesis
-Thoracentesis was contemplated, however, patient could not tolerate an upright position
-ABG – metabolic acidosis with low bicarbonate levels
-Sodium bicarbonate was started
Fourth hospital day:
-patient develop hypotension (BP: 80/60 mmHg)
-Improved with Dextran
Fifth hospital day:
-Again, hypotension developed refractory to dextran
-Dopamine drip was started
-Few hours later: progressive episodes of dyspnea prompting intubation
-Patient went into cardiac arrest and expired!
LABORATORY RESULTS
CBC1st HD2nd HD3rd HD4th HD
Hgb8.212.110.0
Hct0.280.380.31
RBC4.65.64.7
WBC13.511.214.1
Segs0.770.700.85
Lymph0.160.210.09
Eos0.020.020.01
Mono0.050.070.04
Stabs0.01
Platelets890749239
Retic Count2.83
BT (1-5’)2’00”
CT(1-5’)3’30”
PT (10-13.6)12.7 secs19.2 secs
PTT(31.2-42.2)39.2 secs54.0
% Act (76-114)84.7%44.5%
INR 1.101.71
Blood Chem1st HD2nd HD3rd HD4th HD
Na135 meq/L118
K (3.5-5.1)3.5 meq/L3.73.8
RBS129 mg/dL77.4
BUN (1.7-8.3)3.4 mmol/L6.3
Crea (53-115)48 mmol/L100
AST (0-31)30.7 u/L73
ALT (0-32)41.9 u/L43
Alk Phos (50-136)106 ug/L831
Total protein (66-87)62.66463
Albumin (38-51)23.7302821
A/G ratio (0.5-2.5:1)0.6:10.9:10.8:10.7:1
Cholesterol6.0
Triglycerides4.5
HDL (1.16-1.68)0.2
LDL3.8
URINALYSIS1st HD3rd HD
Color/TransparencyYellow/Clear
pH/Sp.Gr.6.0/1.030
ProteinNegative
SugarNegative
RBC0-1
WBC0-1
Epith CellsFew
Uric AcidOccasional
BacteriaFew
FECALYSIS
Color/ConsistencyYellow/softGreenish-brown/watery
Occult bloodNegative
WBCOccasional
RBCFew
MicroscopyNegativeNegative
HEPATITIS PROFILE
HBsAgNon-reactive
Anti-HBsNon-reactive
HBeAgNon-reactive
Anti-HBeNon-reactive
Anti-HBc IgMNon-reactive
Anti-HBc IgGReactive
Anti-HAV IgMNon-reactive
Anti-HAV IgGReactive
Anti-HCVNon-reactive
Peripheral Blood Smear:
RBC: mild microcytosis, anisocytosis, and hypochromia with polychromasia
WBC: Moderate shift to the left, no abnormal cells
Adequate platelets
Peritoneal Fluid
Culture: No growth after 2 days
Cell count
Color: YellowLymph: 40%
Transparency: turbidMono: 1%
Total WBC: 1,728 cells/uLTotal cell count: 8,532 cells/uL
Segs: 59%RBC count: 6,804 cells/uL
Abdominal ultrasound
Normal gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, urinary bladder
Diffuse chronic parenchymal liver disease, Top normal-sized spleen
Massive ascities
Pelvic ultrasound: Normal uterus and adnexa
Transvaginal ultrasound: Normal-sized uterus and adnexa; normal ovaries; ascites
Abdomen, Barium enema: Essentially negative findings
-end-
Answer the following questions.
1.based on the history, physical examination on admission
1. what could be your impression or working diagnosis?
Support your impression.
2. What could be two other differential diagnoses?
Support.
3. What laboratory tests or procedures would you order?
Why?
2.Interpret the course in the ward and he laboratory tests results of the patient.
Knowing this, would you still stick with your impression or working diagnosis?
If you do not agree anymore with your first impression, which differential diagnosis would you now consider? Or, would you have other differential diagnoses that were not considered during admission?
3. Support and discuss your final diagnosis.
actually the lab result are in a table form but they can't be aligne. HD means Hospital day. Like each value is under a hospital day…like 1st 2nd or 3rd…
Heaven help us if your in med school asking a bunch of laymen for help on your homework.
I'd hate to be admitted to the ER and wait for your diagnosis after you checked the Internet.